Thermoplastic_polyurethane PVAC TipBiasMode LateralForce Switching TriGlycineSulphate NeodymiumMagnets VortexCore Silicon ThermalProperties InsulatorFilm CalciumHydroxide Foil Polytetrafluoroethylene SurfaceOxidation UnivCollegeLondon Patterns ScanningIon-ConductanceMicroscopy TemperatureControl Gallium_Arsenide Polystyrene Aluminium_Oxide Change StainlessSteel Deposition bias_mode self-assembled_monolayer Tungsten Polarization Lateral_Force_Microscopy FAFailureAnlaysis ScanningTunnelingMicroscopy biocompatible Sapphire blended polymers